In 2025, humanity crossed an important energy threshold: for the first time in history, renewable energy surpassed coal in global electricity generation, and California became one of the leaders of the transition to clean energy.
The year also brought major legal victories: the first binding international treaty to protect the high seas came into force, covering nearly two-thirds of the world’s oceans; in many countries, Indigenous rights and the concept of “rights of nature” were strengthened, allowing ecosystems to be defended in court; and a ruling by the International Court of Justice set a legal precedent that opened the way for interstate lawsuits on climate issues and responsibility for climate damage.
And one more symbol of long-term success: the Antarctic ozone hole in 2025 was one of the smallest in recent decades, confirming that international environmental agreements really do work.
