A large-scale review published by American researchers brought together data from more than 100 studies on the effects of coffee on health. According to it, moderate coffee consumption (3–5 cups a day) is associated with a 15% reduction in overall mortality, as well as a lower risk of a range of chronic diseases — including type 2 diabetes (up to 29%), heart disease, liver and kidney diseases — and even some types of cancer, such as liver and endometrial cancer, and neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease.
The beneficial effect is explained by the action of caffeine and polyphenols — substances that reduce inflammation and improve metabolism. The authors note that most of the data come from observational studies, and additional clinical trials are needed to confirm causation.
The review also addresses safety questions. Coffee without sugar or cream has officially been recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as safe for healthy adults. For pregnant women, the limit is no more than 200 mg of caffeine per day. Possible side effects are also mentioned: insomnia and anxiety in sensitive people.
The review offers a well-supported answer to a long-standing question: coffee is not only not harmful, but may also be beneficial. The main thing is moderation.
