In 2025, gene and molecular therapies continued to push the boundaries of medicine, for the first time bringing three hereditary diseases to practical curability and giving hope to thousands of people. This year also showed that cancer is increasingly ceasing to be a death sentence: personalized vaccines, the expansion of CAR-T therapies, effective immunotherapy for previously “untreatable” tumors, and treatment based on molecular profiles firmly moved oncology from the era of one-size-fits-all regimens into the era of precision medicine. At the same time, important shifts took place in the global fight against infections: the drug GanLum for the first time in many years demonstrated high efficacy against resistant strains of malaria, global targets for HPV vaccination were reached ahead of schedule, and for HIV, a long-acting preventive injection administered just twice a year became a reality.